(长难句分析)

英语

每日一句

Taxes on low-wage labor need to be cut, and wage subsidies such as the earned income tax credit should be expanded: This would boost incomes, encourage work, reward companies for job creation, and reduce inequality.​ (2018, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 1)

词汇

subsidy: n. 补贴，补助金 earned income tax credit: 劳动所得税抵扣 inequality: n. 不平等 equality: n. 平等，相等

第一步：找谓语

Taxes on low-wage labor ==need== to be cut, and wage subsidies such as the earned income tax credit ==should be expanded==: This ==would boost== incomes, ==encourage== work, ==reward== companies for job creation, and ==reduce== inequality.​

第二步：断句

原句存在6处谓语，包含6件事，其谓语分别分布在以下位置：

• need 为主句谓语
• should be 为并列主句谓语
• would boost 为冒号后的句子谓语
• encourage 、reward 以及 reduce 与 would boost 并列，均为该部分谓语

按照标点，引导词以及谓语，可以将句子断开为以下分句：

• Taxes on low-wage labor ==need== to be cut, —— 主句1
• and wage subsidies such as the earned income tax credit ==should be expanded==: —— 主句2
• This ==would boost== incomes, ==encourage== work, ==eward== companies for job creation, and ==reduce== inequality.​ —— 主句3

第三步：简化

主句1

Taxes on low-wage labor need to be cut,

• 主句主语部分：Taxes on low-wage labor
  • 介词短语：on low-wage labor 修饰名词：taxes，作为其后置定语，说明具体对象
• 主句谓语部分：need
• 主句宾语部分：to be cut

去掉主句扩展部分，就得到了主句核心：

• taxes …… need to be cut —— 税收 …… 需要被减免

主句2

and wage subsidies such as the earned income tax credit should be expanded:

• 主句主语部分：and wage subsidies such as the earned income tax credit
  • 并列连词：and 连接该部分与前一部分，构成并列结构
  • 形容词：wage 修饰名词：subsidies
  • 名词：subsidies 为该部分主语核心词
  • 介词短语：such as the earned income tax credit 修饰名词：subsidies ，用于例举具体的内容
• 主句谓语部分：should be expanded:

去掉主句扩展部分，就得到了主句核心：

• and …… subsidies …… should be expanded: —— 并且 …… 补助金 …… 应该被增加

主句3

This would boost incomes, encourage work, reward companies for job creation, and reduce inequality.​

• 主句主语部分：this
• 主句谓语部分：would boost incomes, encourage work, reward companies for job creation, and reduce inequality.​
  • 该部分为4处谓语+宾语构成的并列结构：
    • 动词：would boost + 宾语：incomes
    • 动词：encourage + 宾语：work
    • 动词：reward + 宾语：companies
    • 动词：reduce + 宾语：inequality

去掉主句扩展部分，就得到了主句核心：

• This would boost incomes, encourage work, reward companies …… , and reduce inequality.​ —— 这将会增加收入，鼓励工作，回馈公司……，并且减少不平等