using System.IO.Ports;
using System.Threading;public class IndustrialSerialPort {private SerialPort _port;private Thread _readThread;private bool _running;public void Connect(string portName, int baudRate) {_port = new SerialPort(portName, baudRate) {Parity = Parity.None,DataBits = 8,StopBits = StopBits.One,Handshake = Handshake.RequestToSend,ReadTimeout = 1500,WriteTimeout = 1500};_port.Open();_running = true;_readThread = new Thread(ReadLoop) { IsBackground = true };_readThread.Start();}private void ReadLoop() {byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];while (_running) {try {int bytesRead = _port.Read(buffer, 0, buffer.Length);if (bytesRead > 0) {byte[] data = new byte[bytesRead];Buffer.BlockCopy(buffer, 0, data, 0, bytesRead);OnDataReceived?.Invoke(data);}}catch (TimeoutException) {// 预期内的超时忽略}catch (Exception ex) {OnError?.Invoke(ex);}}}public void SendModbusCommand(byte deviceId, byte functionCode, ushort address) {byte[] frame = new byte[8];frame[0] = deviceId;           // 设备地址frame[1] = functionCode;       // 功能码frame[2] = (byte)(address >> 8); // 寄存器地址高字节frame[3] = (byte)address;        // 寄存器地址低字节frame[4] = 0x00;                // 长度高字节frame[5] = 0x02;                // 长度低字节（读取2个寄存器）// 计算CRC16校验ushort crc = CalculateModbusCRC(frame, 0, 6);frame[6] = (byte)crc;frame[7] = (byte)(crc >> 8);_port.Write(frame, 0, 8);}public void Disconnect() {_running = false;Thread.Sleep(100); // 给读取线程退出时间if (_port.IsOpen) _port.Close();}// CRC16计算算法private ushort CalculateModbusCRC(byte[] data, int offset, int length) {ushort crc = 0xFFFF;for (int pos = offset; pos < offset + length; pos++) {crc ^= data[pos];for (int i = 8; i != 0; i--) {if ((crc & 0x0001) != 0) {crc >>= 1;crc ^= 0xA001;}else crc >>= 1;}}return crc;}public event Action<byte[]> OnDataReceived;public event Action<Exception> OnError;
}

classDiagramclass HIDDevice {+VendorID : int+ProductID : int+DevicePath : string+Open() bool+Write(byte[] data) int+Read(byte[] buffer) int+Close()}

using System;
using System.Runtime.InteropServices;public class HIDDevice {private IntPtr _deviceHandle = IntPtr.Zero;[DllImport("hid.dll", SetLastError = true)]private static extern bool HidD_GetHidGuid(out Guid hidGuid);[DllImport("setupapi.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Auto)]private static extern IntPtr SetupDiGetClassDevs(ref Guid classGuid, IntPtr enumerator, IntPtr hwndParent, int flags);public bool Open(int vid, int pid) {// 获取HID接口GUIDGuid hidGuid;HidD_GetHidGuid(out hidGuid);// 枚举设备IntPtr deviceInfoSet = SetupDiGetClassDevs(ref hidGuid, IntPtr.Zero, IntPtr.Zero, DIGCF_PRESENT | DIGCF_DEVICEINTERFACE);// 遍历设备逻辑...// 此处简化实现逻辑return true;}public int Write(byte[] data) {// 使用CreateFile和WriteFile API实现// 实际代码需处理同步/异步模式return data.Length;}private const int DIGCF_PRESENT = 0x0002;private const int DIGCF_DEVICEINTERFACE = 0x0010;
}

应用层： 自定义指令
↑
HID层： 报告描述符
↑
USB设备类： HID规范
↑
端点管道： 控制/中断传输
↑
物理层： USB2.0/3.0

using Ivi.Visa;
using NationalInstruments.Visa;public class OscilloscopeController {private MessageBasedSession _session;public double[] CaptureWaveform(string resourceName, int channel = 1) {_session = (MessageBasedSession)ResourceManager.GetSession(resourceName);// 配置高分辨率捕获_session.RawIO.Write(":WAV:POIN:MODE RAW\n");_session.RawIO.Write($":WAV:SOUR CHAN{channel}\n");_session.RawIO.Write(":WAV:FORM BYTE\n"); // 使用8位数据节省带宽// 触发单次采集_session.RawIO.Write(":SING\n");Thread.Sleep(100); // 等待触发// 获取波形数据_session.RawIO.Write(":WAV:DATA?\n");byte[] binData = _session.RawIO.Read(); // 自动处理二进制块// 解析波形数据（8位无符号格式）double[] voltages = new double[binData.Length];for (int i = 0; i < binData.Length; i++) {voltages[i] = (binData[i] - 128) * _vPerDivision / 25.0;}return voltages;}private double _vPerDivision = 0.1; // 垂直灵敏度
}

// 设置最大传输块大小
_session.RawIO.BufferSize = 1024 * 1024; // 1MB

// 避免无效等待
if (_session.BytesAvailable > 0) {return _session.ReadString();
}

using NationalInstruments.DAQmx;public class MultichannelAcquisition {private Task _task;private AnalogMultiChannelReader _reader;public void StartAcquisition(int sampleRate, int samplesPerChannel) {_task = new Task();// 添加电压输入通道（差分模式）_task.AIChannels.CreateVoltageChannel("Dev1/ai0", "Ch0",AITerminalConfiguration.Differential, -10, 10, AIVoltageUnits.Volts);_task.AIChannels.CreateVoltageChannel("Dev1/ai1", "Ch1",AITerminalConfiguration.Differential, -5, 5, AIVoltageUnits.Volts);// 配置定时引擎_task.Timing.ConfigureSampleClock("", sampleRate, SampleClockActiveEdge.Rising,SampleQuantityMode.FiniteSamples, samplesPerChannel);// 使用DMA传输_task.Stream.InputBufferSize = sampleRate * 2; // 双缓冲_task.Control(TaskAction.Verify);// 注册数据处理事件_task.EveryNSamplesRead += OnSamplesAcquired;_task.Done += OnAcquisitionComplete;// 启动任务_reader = new AnalogMultiChannelReader(_task.Stream);_task.Start();}private void OnSamplesAcquired(object sender, EveryNSamplesReadEventArgs e) {double[,] data = _reader.ReadMultiSample(e.SampleCount);// data[0, i] - 通道0数据// data[1, i] - 通道1数据}
}

public class HardwareSafetySystem {// 1. 电路保护级private OvercurrentProtector _hardwareOCP = new OvercurrentProtector();// 2. 驱动控制级public void EnablePower(bool enable) {if (MonitorTemperature() > 85.0) {throw new ThermalRunawayException("温度超标禁止启动");}_driverIC.SetEnable(enable);}// 3. 软件逻辑级private void CheckSafetyConstraints() {if (_voltage > 32.0 || _current > 5.0) {EmergencyShutdown();}}// 4. 监控系统级private async void StartSafetyMonitor() {while (_isRunning) {await Task.Delay(100);if (!_safetyBoard.ResponseReceived) {EmergencyShutdown();}}}// 5. 物理隔离级[DllImport("user32.dll")]public static extern void keybd_event(byte bVk, byte bScan, uint dwFlags, UIntPtr dwExtraInfo);public void PressEmergencyKey() {keybd_event(0x13, 0, 0, UIntPtr.Zero); // 模拟按下PAUSE键}
}

using MathNet.Numerics;
using MathNet.Numerics.IntegralTransforms;public class RealTimeDspProcessor {private double[] _circularBuffer;private int _bufferIndex;public RealTimeDspProcessor(int size) {_circularBuffer = new double[size];}public void ProcessSample(double sample) {// 写入循环缓冲区_circularBuffer[_bufferIndex] = sample;_bufferIndex = (_bufferIndex + 1) % _circularBuffer.Length;// 每1024点执行FFTif (_bufferIndex % 1024 == 0) {double[] segment = new double[1024];Array.Copy(_circularBuffer, _bufferIndex, segment, 0, 1024);Array.ConstrainedCopy(_circularBuffer, 0, segment, 1024 - _bufferIndex, _bufferIndex);// 应用汉宁窗double[] window = Window.Hann(1024);for (int i = 0; i < 1024; i++) {segment[i] *= window[i];}// 执行FFTComplex[] spectrum = new Complex[1024];for (int i = 0; i < 1024; i++) {spectrum[i] = new Complex(segment[i], 0);}Fourier.Forward(spectrum);// 分析频谱...}}public IEnumerable<double> MovingMedianFilter(int windowSize) {for (int i = 0; i < _circularBuffer.Length - windowSize; i++) {double[] window = new double[windowSize];Array.Copy(_circularBuffer, i, window, 0, windowSize);Array.Sort(window);yield return window[windowSize / 2]; // 中位数值}}
}

public class BatteryTester {private SourceMeter _source;private DaqDevice _daq;private TemperatureMonitor _tempMonitor;private SafetyRelay _relay;public TestResult RunChargeTest() {// 初始化安全系统_relay.SetEnable(false); // 断开主回路_tempMonitor.Start();// 充电曲线参数double[] voltageStages = { 3.0, 3.8, 4.2 };double[] currentLimits = { 1.0, 0.5, 0.1 };// 分阶段充电for (int stage = 0; stage < voltageStages.Length; stage++) {_source.ApplyVoltage(voltageStages[stage]);_source.SetCurrentLimit(currentLimits[stage]);_relay.SetEnable(true); // 接通回路while (true) {BatteryStatus status = ReadBatteryStatus();// 安全保护检查if (status.Temperature > 50.0 || status.Voltage > 4.25) {AbortTest();return TestResult.Failed("温度或电压超标");}// 充电完成条件if (Math.Abs(status.Current) < 0.01 * currentLimits[stage]) {break;}Thread.Sleep(1000);}}_relay.SetEnable(false);return TestResult.Success();}private BatteryStatus ReadBatteryStatus() {double voltage = _daq.ReadAnalog(0);     // 通道0：电池电压double current = _source.MeasureCurrent(); // 源表电流测量double temp = _tempMonitor.ReadCelsius();return new BatteryStatus(voltage, current, temp);}
}

public void CalibrateVoltage(double knownVoltage) {double rawValue = _daq.ReadAnalog(0);double factor = knownVoltage / rawValue;SaveCalibrationFactor(0, factor);
}

public double GetCompensatedVoltage() {double rawVoltage = ReadAnalog(0);double temp = _tempMonitor.ReadCelsius();double tempCoeff = GetCalibrationData().TempCoeff; // 温度系数return rawVoltage * (1 + (25.0 - temp) * tempCoeff);
}