Vue3+Spring boot 前后端防抖增强方案

我将基于您提供的防抖切面代码进行改进，主要优化点包括使用Redis实现分布式防抖、增强键生成策略、改进异常处理等。以下是完整的改进方案：

1. 改进的防抖注解 (`Debounce.java`)

java

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package com.weiyu.anno;import java.lang.annotation.*;@Target(ElementType.METHOD)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Documented
public @interface Debounce {/*** 防抖时间（毫秒），默认5秒*/long value() default 5000;/*** 自定义键值（支持SpEL表达式）*/String key() default "";/*** 防抖键类型*/KeyType keyType() default KeyType.METHOD;/*** 错误提示信息*/String message() default "操作过于频繁，请稍后再试";enum KeyType {METHOD,     // 方法级别防抖（默认）USER,       // 用户级别防抖（需要用户上下文）IP,         // IP级别防抖PARAM,      // 参数级别防抖（基于参数值）CUSTOM      // 完全自定义键}
}

2. 改进的防抖工具类 (`DebounceUtil.java`)

java

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package com.weiyu.utils;import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.data.redis.core.StringRedisTemplate;
import org.springframework.expression.Expression;
import org.springframework.expression.ExpressionParser;
import org.springframework.expression.spel.standard.SpelExpressionParser;
import org.springframework.expression.spel.support.StandardEvaluationContext;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import org.springframework.util.StringUtils;import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;@Component
public class DebounceUtil {@Autowiredprivate StringRedisTemplate redisTemplate;private static final ExpressionParser parser = new SpelExpressionParser();/*** 检查并设置防抖锁* @param key 防抖键* @param debounceTime 防抖时间（毫秒）* @return 是否允许操作（true：允许，false：防抖中）*/public boolean checkAndSet(String key, long debounceTime) {// 使用SETNX+EXPIRE原子操作Boolean result = redisTemplate.opsForValue().setIfAbsent(key, "1", debounceTime, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);return result != null && result;}/*** 生成防抖键* @param joinPoint 切点* @param keyType 键类型* @param customKey 自定义键表达式* @return 生成的防抖键*/public String generateKey(ProceedingJoinPoint joinPoint, Debounce.KeyType keyType, String customKey) {MethodSignature signature = (MethodSignature) joinPoint.getSignature();String methodName = signature.getDeclaringTypeName() + "#" + signature.getName();// 1. 处理自定义SpEL表达式if (keyType == Debounce.KeyType.CUSTOM && StringUtils.hasText(customKey)) {return evaluateSpEL(joinPoint, customKey);}// 2. 处理其他键类型switch (keyType) {case USER:return "DEBOUNCE:USER:" + getCurrentUserId() + ":" + methodName;case IP:return "DEBOUNCE:IP:" + getClientIp() + ":" + methodName;case PARAM:return "DEBOUNCE:PARAM:" + methodName + ":" + Arrays.hashCode(joinPoint.getArgs());case CUSTOM: // 已处理，此处为fallbackcase METHOD:default:return "DEBOUNCE:METHOD:" + methodName;}}/*** 解析SpEL表达式*/private String evaluateSpEL(ProceedingJoinPoint joinPoint, String expression) {try {StandardEvaluationContext context = new StandardEvaluationContext();// 设置方法参数context.setVariable("args", joinPoint.getArgs());// 设置方法签名context.setVariable("method", joinPoint.getSignature());// 设置目标对象context.setVariable("target", joinPoint.getTarget());Expression exp = parser.parseExpression(expression);return "DEBOUNCE:CUSTOM:" + exp.getValue(context, String.class);} catch (Exception e) {throw new IllegalArgumentException("Invalid SpEL expression: " + expression, e);}}/*** 获取当前用户ID（需要根据实际认证系统实现）*/private String getCurrentUserId() {// 示例：从Spring Security上下文中获取Authentication authentication = SecurityContextHolder.getContext().getAuthentication();if (authentication != null && authentication.isAuthenticated()) {return authentication.getName();}return "ANONYMOUS";}/*** 获取客户端IP*/private String getClientIp() {HttpServletRequest request = ((ServletRequestAttributes) RequestContextHolder.currentRequestAttributes()).getRequest();String ip = request.getHeader("X-Forwarded-For");if (ip == null || ip.isEmpty() || "unknown".equalsIgnoreCase(ip)) {ip = request.getHeader("Proxy-Client-IP");}if (ip == null || ip.isEmpty() || "unknown".equalsIgnoreCase(ip)) {ip = request.getHeader("WL-Proxy-Client-IP");}if (ip == null || ip.isEmpty() || "unknown".equalsIgnoreCase(ip)) {ip = request.getRemoteAddr();}return ip;}
}

3. 改进的防抖切面 (`DebounceAspect.java`)

java

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package com.weiyu.aop;import com.weiyu.anno.Debounce;
import com.weiyu.exception.DebounceException;
import com.weiyu.utils.DebounceUtil;
import org.aspectj.lang.ProceedingJoinPoint;
import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Around;
import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Aspect;
import org.aspectj.lang.reflect.MethodSignature;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.core.annotation.AnnotationUtils;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import org.springframework.web.context.request.RequestContextHolder;import java.lang.reflect.Method;/*** 改进的防抖切面（支持Redis分布式锁）*/
@Aspect
@Component
public class DebounceAspect {@Autowiredprivate DebounceUtil debounceUtil;@Around("@annotation(debounceAnnotation)")public Object debounce(ProceedingJoinPoint joinPoint, Debounce debounceAnnotation) throws Throwable {// 获取方法上的注解（处理继承情况）if (debounceAnnotation == null) {MethodSignature signature = (MethodSignature) joinPoint.getSignature();Method method = signature.getMethod();debounceAnnotation = AnnotationUtils.findAnnotation(method, Debounce.class);if (debounceAnnotation == null) {return joinPoint.proceed();}}// 生成防抖键String key = debounceUtil.generateKey(joinPoint,debounceAnnotation.keyType(),debounceAnnotation.key());// 获取防抖时间long debounceTime = debounceAnnotation.value();// 检查并设置防抖锁if (!debounceUtil.checkAndSet(key, debounceTime)) {throw new DebounceException(debounceAnnotation.message());}// 执行目标方法try {return joinPoint.proceed();} catch (Throwable throwable) {// 异常时移除防抖锁（可选）// debounceUtil.removeLock(key);throw throwable;}}
}

4. 自定义防抖异常 (`DebounceException.java`)

java

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package com.weiyu.exception;/*** 防抖业务异常*/
public class DebounceException extends RuntimeException {private int code = 429; // 使用429状态码表示操作过于频繁public DebounceException(String message) {super(message);}public int getCode() {return code;}
}

5. 全局异常处理器 (`GlobalExceptionHandler.java`)

java

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package com.weiyu.exception;import com.weiyu.common.Result;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ExceptionHandler;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestControllerAdvice;@RestControllerAdvice
public class GlobalExceptionHandler {/*** 处理防抖异常*/@ExceptionHandler(DebounceException.class)public Result handleDebounceException(DebounceException e) {return Result.error(e.getCode(), e.getMessage());}
}

6. 统一响应对象 (`Result.java`)

java

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package com.weiyu.common;public class Result<T> {private int code;private String msg;private T data;// 成功静态方法public static <T> Result<T> success(T data) {Result<T> result = new Result<>();result.setCode(200);result.setMsg("操作成功");result.setData(data);return result;}// 错误静态方法public static <T> Result<T> error(int code, String msg) {Result<T> result = new Result<>();result.setCode(code);result.setMsg(msg);return result;}// Getters and Setters
}

7. 使用示例

java

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@RestController
@RequestMapping("/api/download")
public class DownloadController {// 基本方法级别防抖（5秒内只能调用一次）@Debounce@GetMapping("/basic")public Result<String> basicDownload() {// ... 下载逻辑return Result.success("下载成功");}// 用户级别防抖（每个用户5秒内只能下载一次）@Debounce(keyType = Debounce.KeyType.USER, value = 5000)@GetMapping("/user")public Result<String> userSpecificDownload() {// ... 下载逻辑return Result.success("下载成功");}// 自定义键防抖（基于文件ID）@Debounce(keyType = Debounce.KeyType.CUSTOM,key = "'FILE:' + #fileId", // SpEL表达式message = "该文件正在下载中，请稍后再试")@GetMapping("/file/{fileId}")public Result<String> fileDownload(@PathVariable String fileId) {// ... 下载逻辑return Result.success("下载成功");}// IP级别防抖（每个IP 10秒内只能下载一次）@Debounce(keyType = Debounce.KeyType.IP, value = 10000)@GetMapping("/ip-based")public Result<String> ipBasedDownload() {// ... 下载逻辑return Result.success("下载成功");}
}

8. 前端适配方案

javascript

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// 在响应拦截器中处理防抖异常
instance.interceptors.response.use(response => {// ... 正常处理},error => {if (error.response) {// 识别防抖异常（HTTP 429状态码）if (error.response.status === 429) {ElMessage.error(error.response.data?.msg || "操作过于频繁，请稍后再试");return Promise.reject(error);}// 识别业务层防抖异常（code=429）const res = error.response.data;if (res && res.code === 429) {ElMessage.error(res.msg || "操作过于频繁，请稍后再试");return Promise.reject(error);}}// ... 其他错误处理}
);

改进亮点

分布式支持：
- 使用Redis实现分布式防抖锁
- 原子操作（SETNX + EXPIRE）确保并发安全
灵活的键策略：
- 支持方法、用户、IP、参数、自定义五种键类型
- 集成SpEL表达式引擎实现动态键生成
增强的异常处理：
- 自定义防抖异常类型（DebounceException）
- 统一使用429状态码（Too Many Requests）
- 可自定义错误消息
注解增强：
- 支持方法继承的注解查找
- 可配置防抖时间和错误消息
- 支持SpEL表达式自定义键
集成Spring生态：
- 自动获取请求上下文（IP、用户信息）
- 通过全局异常处理器统一处理
更精确的防抖：
- 精确到毫秒级别的防抖控制
- 避免本地内存防抖的分布式问题