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<?php

$foo = 'hello world!';

$foo = ucwords($foo);             // Hello World!

$bar = 'HELLO WORLD!';

$bar = ucwords($bar);             // HELLO WORLD!

$bar = ucwords(strtolower($bar)); // Hello World!

?>

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<?php

$foo = 'hello world!';

$foo = ucfirst($foo);             // Hello world!

$bar = 'HELLO WORLD!';

$bar = ucfirst($bar);             // HELLO WORLD!

$bar = ucfirst(strtolower($bar)); // Hello world!

?>

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<?php

$foo = 'HelloWorld';

$foo = lcfirst($foo);             // helloWorld

$bar = 'HELLO WORLD!';

$bar = lcfirst($bar);             // hELLO WORLD!

$bar = lcfirst(strtoupper($bar)); // hELLO WORLD!

?>